Duniyar dabi'a tana cikin ɗayan matakai masu mahimmanci. Kowace shekara, dubban nau'in dabbobi da tsire-tsire suna ganin wanzuwarsu yana fuskantar barazana ta hanyoyi daban-daban, mafi yawan abin da mutane ke haifar da su. Abubuwa kamar sare dazuzzuka, da canjin yanayi, da farauta ko gabatarwar masu cin zalin dabbobi suna hanzarta hanyar zuwa ƙarshen jinsuna da yawa, wasun su majagaba, wanda zai shuɗe cikin shekaru da yawa idan ba'a ɗauki matakin ba. matakan gaggawa.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu ba da cikakken nazari kan manyan dalilai, alkaluma, takamaiman lokuta, da matakan da ake buƙata don dakatar da bacewar rayayyun halittu. Idan kun taba mamakin menene dabbobi suna cikin hadarin bacewa a yanzu, me ya sa hakan ke faruwa, ko kuma abin da kai mutum zai iya yi, karanta don cikakken bayyani game da halin da ake ciki a 2025.
Menene ake ɗaukar dabbar da ke cikin haɗari?
Wani nau'in da ke cikin hatsari shine wanda al'ummarsa suka ki amincewa da ita har ta kai ga kawo cikas ga rayuwar gajere ko matsakaicin lokaci. Wannan na iya zama saboda dalilai da yawa: asarar wurin zama, cututtuka, yin amfani da su fiye da kima, gurbatawa, ko shigar da nau'in nau'in nau'i, da sauransu.
Kungiyar da ke da alhakin lura da wannan yanayin a duniya ita ce Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta (IUCN), wanda a kai a kai yana sabunta "Jan List" na nau'in barazanar. Bisa ga wannan jerin, akwai fiye da 42.100 nau'in halittu masu rai a cikin haɗari, tare da lamarin 'yan amshi (41% na cikin hadari), dabbobi masu shayarwa (27%), dabbobi masu rarrafe (21%) da kuma tsuntsaye (13%).
Rarraba ya dogara ne akan matakan tsanani da yawa, kama daga "Masu rauni" zuwa "Mummunan hatsari", wucewa ta "A cikin haɗari." Wasu nau'ikan ma sun ɓace kwanan nan, kamar yadda ya faru da da yawa kifin ruwa y Turawa masu shayarwa.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da bacewar nau'in
Asarar rayayyun halittu ba wani abu bane na halitta a wannan zamanin.: yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da tasirin ɗan adam akan duniya. Ayyukan yau da kullun, manufofin da ba za su dore ba, da yawan amfani da albarkatu suna lalata yanayin muhalli.
- Canjin yanayi: Canjin yanayi yana canza wuraren zama cikin sauri fiye da yadda yawancin nau'ikan zasu iya daidaitawa. Narkewa a cikin Arctic, karuwa a matakin mar ko kwararowar hamada wasu misalai ne kawai.
- Yanke gandun daji da rarrabuwar kawuna: Fadada birane, aikin noma mai tsanani da gobara suna lalata Sarari na halitta.
- Gurbatawa: Daga robobi zuwa magungunan kashe qwari da zubewar mai, suna tasiri duka lafiya da haifuwar dabbobi da yawa.
- Nau'in cin zarafi: Gabatar da dabbobi ko tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa zuwa sabbin yankuna yana lalata yanayin yanayin gida.
- Farauta da Fataucin Ba bisa ka'ida ba: Yawancin nau'o'in nau'ikan suna gab da bacewa saboda kimarsu a kan haramtacciyar kasuwa, kamar su kahon karkanda ko giwa giwa.
Manufar ɓatanci da tasirin muhallinta
Mulkin malam buɗe ido
Malamin Rodolfo Dirzo, daga Jami'ar Stanford, ya kirkiro kalmar "lalata" don yin nuni ga gaggarumin hasara ko rage namun daji a cikin halittu. Wannan ba kawai zai kawar da jinsin halitta bane kawai, amma raguwar yawan jama'arsu, wanda ke shafar mahimman matakai kamar aikin zabe, da watsa iri ko maganin kwari.
Lokacin da jinsin halittu ya ɓace. ana haifar da tasirin domino a cikin yanayin muhallinta: wasu nau'ikan sun dogara da shi don tsira ko kiyaye daidaiton yanayi. Bacewar a malam buɗe ido Zai iya haifar da bacewar tsire-tsire da yawa waɗanda suka dogara da shi don haifuwa.
Kashe taro a cikin tarihi
Tarihin rayuwa a doron kasa an yi masa alama manyan halaka biyar. Daga cikin mafi sanannun akwai Permian-Triassic (mafi lalacewa, tare da 96% na nau'in nau'in sun tafi) da kuma na Cretaceous-Paleogene, wanda ya ƙare da dinosaur Shekaru miliyan 65 da suka gabata.
A yau, masana kimiyya suna hasashen cewa muna rayuwa na shida babban bacewa, wanda mutane ke haifarwa. Nazarin da MIT bayar da shawarar cewa idan muka ci gaba da irin wannan adadin na gurbataccen hayaki, za mu iya shaida hakan halakar taro kafin shekarar 2100.
Misalan dabbobin da ke cikin haɗarin bacewa
- Rhinoceros Javan: Tare da ƙarancin samfuran balagagge sama da 70, yana ɗaya daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke cikin haɗari a duniya. Farautar ƙahoninsu ita ce babbar barazanarsu.
- Sumatran Tiger: Yana zaune ne kawai a wannan tsibiri a Indonesiya kuma ana iya rarraba shi azaman sabon nau'in. Kasa da mutane 400 ne suka rage saboda fataucin haram da asarar gandun daji.
- Dutsen gorilla: A cewar bayanai daga WWF, akwai kawai kwafi 1000 da suka rage, an rarraba tsakanin Uganda, Rwanda da kuma DRC. Mazaunansu na fuskantar barazanar rikici, cututtuka da sare itatuwa.
- Malamin malam buɗe ido: barazanar sare itatuwa a México da bacewar shukar mai masaukinta a ciki EE. UU. saboda amfani da magungunan kashe qwari.
- Red tuna: an yi amfani da shi sosai don amfanin ɗan adam, musamman a ciki Japan. Yana ƙarƙashin kamun kifi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke sa murmurewa cikin wahala.
- Magellanic Penguin: matsalar sauyin yanayi da malalar mai. Filin kiwonsu na kara fuskantar matsin lamba daga yawon bude ido da ci gaban birane.
- Panda mai girma: Duk da cewa yanayinta ya dan samu sauki, amma har yanzu tana cikin wani yanayi mai rauni saboda rarrabuwar kawuna da karancin haihuwa.
- Mink na Turai: Mummunan haɗari, da farko saboda asarar wurin zama da gasa tare da mink na Amurka.
- Andean Condor: Alamar Kudancin Amirka, tana fuskantar barazanar guba ta bazata da lalata muhallinta.
- Pangolin: dabbobi masu shayarwa da aka fi fataucinsu a duniya. Ma'auninsa da namansa suna da daraja sosai a kasuwar gabas.
Halin da ake ciki a Turai da Spain
Turai ma ba ta da kariyar wannan rikicin muhalli. A cewar hukumar IUCN, aƙalla Jinsuna 36 sun bace a kasar Turai tun daga 2015. A Spain, wanda aka yi la'akari da daya daga cikin kasashe mafi arziki a cikin nau'in halittu a nahiyar, akwai dalilin damuwa.
El Ma'aikatar Canjin Muhalli lissafin jimlar Dabbobi 65 na cikin hatsarin bacewa a Spain da kuma wasu 88 a cikin yanayi mai rauni. Daga cikin mafi yawan alamomi akwai Layin Iberiya, da launin ruwan kasa bear, da bakin stork ko mikiya ta sarki.
Magellanic Penguin
Me za mu iya yi?
Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar nisa, wannan gaskiyar tana da alaƙa da al'adunmu na yau da kullun. Akwai matakan sirri da za mu iya ɗauka don taimakawa dakatar da wannan bala'in muhalli:
- Rage robobin amfani guda ɗaya, musamman waɗanda za su iya ƙarewa a cikin yanayin yanayi.
- A guji kayayyakin da dabino, wanda samar da shi ke da alhakin yawan sare itatuwa a Asiya.
- Sayi da mutunci. Zaɓi samfuran tare da ingantaccen ciniki ko hatimin asali mai dorewa.
- Taimakawa ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa. Ba da gudummawa ko hada gwiwa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kamar WWF, SEO / Tsuntsaye u OCEAN kai tsaye yana taimakon waɗannan dabbobi.
- Sanarwa da ilmantarwa. Fahimtar wannan matsala shine matakin farko na canza tunani.
Duniyar tana a lokacin yanke hukunci. Duk da yawan ban tsoro na nau'in barazanar, har yanzu muna da lokaci don yin aiki. Tare da nufin siyasa, goyon bayan 'yan ƙasa, da kuma canji na gaske a cikin dabi'un amfani da mu, yana yiwuwa a dakatar da asarar rayayyun halittu. Ba kawai game da kare da dabba, amma don yaƙi don daidaita ma'auni yankuna wanda, a matsayinmu na mutane, mu ma mun dogara.