Shin kun taɓa kallon kare yana bin ƙwallo ko kyanwa yana bin gashin tsuntsu kamar ganima na gaske? Ko da yake ga yawancin waɗannan lokutan na iya zama kamar nuni ne kawai na tausayi ko nishaɗin dabbobi, gaskiyar ta wuce gaba. Wasa a cikin dabbobi ba hanya ce kawai ta wuce lokaci ba amma yana ɓoye wani abu mai ban sha'awa wanda masana ilimin halitta, masana ilimin halitta da masana suka yi nazari a kai. halin dabba shekaru da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da ban sha'awa don bincika yadda wasu wasanni suna motsa hankali a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban.
Daga kada masu wasa da furanni zuwa beraye suna jin daɗin fadan ba'a. Yanayin yana cike da misalai masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke tabbatar da cewa wasan ba ya keɓanta ga mutane ko dabbobin mu na kusa.. Wannan labarin ya yi la’akari da ainihin abin da wasan kwaikwayo yake nufi a duniyar dabbobi, dalilin da ya sa suke yinsa, fa’idojinsa, da kuma wane nau’in jinsin halittu ne ke shiga cikinsa, bisa la’akari da hujjojin kimiyya na yanzu da kuma rubuce-rubucen da kwararru suka yi.
Shin wasa abu ne da aka saba yi a cikin daular dabbobi?
An dade ana tunanin wasa abu ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa na gida kamar karnuka da kuliyoyi. Duk da haka, godiya ga binciken masana kamar Gordon Burghardt, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Tennessee, yanzu mun san cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba. Hatta nau'ikan da aka yi la'akari da su "sauki" don yin wasa da su, kamar dabbobi masu rarrafe, kifi, invertebrates, da kunkuru, sun nuna halin wasa. A cikin mahallin wannan al'amari, zamu iya ambata halayen dabbobi masu kaifi.
Burghardt ya ba da shawarar sharuÉ—É—a biyar don la'akari da hali a matsayin wasa: cewa shi na son rai ne, ba shi da manufa nan take, yana da dadi, ya bambanta da aikinsa (kamar fada a zahiri) da maimaituwa.
Bisa waɗannan ka'idodin, a yau za mu iya tabbatar da cewa wasa yana cikin kusan dukkanin rassan bishiyar juyin halitta, ko da yake ba kowa ba ne.. Akwai nau'ikan da ba a taɓa ganin suna wasa ba, amma wasu da yawa suna yi, ko da a cikin yanayin da za mu iya ɗauka mara kyau.
Wannan tambaya ce da har yanzu babu tabbatacciyar amsa. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yaɗuwar ka'idodin da'awar cewa dabbobi suna wasa don haɓaka basira masu amfani a cikin rayuwar balagaggu, kamar farauta, guje wa mafarauta, ko inganta zamantakewa. Misali, wasanni kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a ciki ilimin muhalli.
Koyaya, bincike da yawa sun kira wannan bayanin cikin tambaya.. Misali, an lura da haka otters suna wasa juggling tare da duwatsu ba su da kyau a warware wasanin gwada ilimi fiye da waɗanda ba su yi ba. Haka kuma, kuliyoyi waɗanda suka girma kewaye da kayan wasan yara ba sa zama ƙwararrun mafarauta saboda haka.
Wannan ya haifar da ka'ida ta biyu: na jin daÉ—i. Wasu kwararru, ciki har da Alex Richter-Boix, sun ba da shawarar hakan Dabbobi suna wasa kawai don suna son shi. Wannan nau'i na nishaÉ—i yana kunna tsarin lada na kwakwalwar ku, kamar yadda yake a cikin mutane, yana samar da sinadarai kamar dopamine wanda ke sa ku jin dadi da jin dadi.
A wannan ma'anar, wasan ba zai sami aikin daidaitawa fiye da jin daɗi ba.. Karnukan da suke diban kwallon akai-akai na iya samun ingantacciyar hanya don maimaita jin daɗin irin wannan abin ƙarfafawa. Wannan ya danganta da yadda wasannin motsa jiki zai iya yin tasiri ga dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da dabbobi.
An lura da dabbobi da yawa suna shiga cikin halayen wasan kwaikwayo waÉ—anda ba su da manufa kai tsaye, amma a fili suna jin daÉ—i. Bari mu kalli wasu fitattun misalan da masana kimiyya da masu sadarwa suka tattara:
- Kada An dai gansu suna wasa da ’yan kwallo kala-kala da furanni, har ma da wasu a bayansu yayin da suke ninkaya.
- Cats Dabbobin gida suna wasa da gashin fuka-fukai, ƙwallayen zadi ko igiyoyin roba kamar ganima, wani lokaci kuma da tsananin mamaki.
- da hatimi An nuna su suna wasa da ciyawar ruwa da wasu abubuwa masu iyo, wani lokacin ta irin wannan faffadar hanyoyi da ake ganin suna son burge wasu masu kallo da ba a gani ba.
- Foxes Suna amfani da abubuwa kamar naÉ—aÉ—É—en takarda bayan gida don nishaÉ—i; Har ma an rubuta fadan izgili tsakanin su da yin amfani da wadannan abubuwa a matsayin kayan wasan yara.
- Dorinar ruwa A cikin kifaye, suna nishadantar da kansu ta hanyar fesa ruwa a cikin kwalabe don motsa su, wani abu da ba koyaushe suke yi ba a cikin mazauninsu, inda suka fi damuwa da rayuwa.
Hakanan an rubuta halayen wasa a yanayi wanda, a kallo na farko, yana iya zama kamar wani É“angare na wani nau'in É—abi'a kamar farauta, zawarci, ko tsaro. Ana iya kwatanta irin wannan hali da yadda wasu suke dabbobi suna barazana.
Alal misali, An ga hankaka suna zazzagewa a saman rufin dusar ƙanƙara, Maimaita aikin akai-akai koda kuwa ba shi da amfani a fili. Matasan giwaye, maza da mata, suna fantsama cikin koguna don jin daɗi., ba tare da an danganta wannan aikin da tsafta ko nunin ƙarfi ba.
Meerkats suna wasa da juna ta hanyar ɗaukar faɗa ko bin matsayi, duk da cewa hakan bai inganta zamantakewar su ba ko kuma ya rage tsangwama.. A gaskiya ma, wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa wannan wasan na iya samun ƙimar juyin halitta mafi dabara: shirya kwakwalwarsu don magance rashin tabbas.
Berayen da aka taso a keɓe suna nuna ƙarancin haɓakar kwakwalwa ga waɗanda suka rayu kuma suke wasa da sauran berayen.. Suna da ƙarancin sarrafa motsin rai, mafi muni na ɗan lokaci ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da ƙarancin ƙwarewar zamantakewa. Wannan yana nuna cewa Wasa na iya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin maturation na tsarin juyayi.
Wata madaidaicin hasashe na nuna cewa ba a haɓaka wasan da wata manufa ta musamman ba., amma sakamakon wasu halaye na juyin halitta kamar hankali, son sani ko samun lokacin kyauta. Misali, kamar yadda yake a cikin wasan Wasannin Olympics, dabbobi na iya samun nau'ikan nishaɗi iri-iri.
Dodanni na Komodo a cikin gidajen namun daji suna wasa da masu kula da su ta hanyar rike igiya ko kwallaye, yayin da An yi rikodin Geckos suna jin daɗi tare da abubuwa masu iyo a cikin sifiri.. Ana iya fassara waɗannan ayyukan azaman martani na wasa ga gajiyawa ko haɓakar azanci da ake samu a cikin wuraren sarrafawa.
A cikin yanayi, lokacin kyauta shine alatu. Dabbobin daji suna ciyar da lokaci mai yawa na kwanakin su don neman abinci, kare kansu da tsira. Don haka, A cikin wuraren da aka karewa kamar gidajen namun daji ko aquariums, an fi ganin halayen wasan kwaikwayo. Amma wannan ba yana nufin ba sa faruwa a cikin daji: sun fi wuyar rubutawa.
Wasan buya a cikin tsuntsaye da sauran dabbobi
Tsuntsaye kuma suna haÉ—a wasa a cikin rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun.. Misalin itacen itace yana wasa ta hanyar fakewa da kututturen bishiya yana fidda kai kamar yana kalubalantar mai kallonsa. Mafi jin kunya nuthatch yana yin irin wannan hanya, kodayake yana ba ku damar kusanci kafin ku tsere cikin wasa.
Kuka, a nata bangaren, da alama yana jin daɗin yaudarar.. Za a iya fassara dabararsu ta sanya ƙwai a cikin gidajen wasu nau’o’i da barin wasu su yi kiwon su a matsayin hanyar wasa ta bibiyar ka’idojin yanayi, ko da yake kuma tana mayar da martani ga ƙwaƙƙwaran dabarun rayuwa. A wannan ma'anar, yana da ban sha'awa don la'akari da dangantakar waɗannan halayen tare da ci gaban dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Kuren daji a Spain yana nuna fasaha masu ban mamaki a cikin "wasa buya." tare da 'yan iskan jini suna korar ta. Yana bibiyar matakansa, yana yin tsalle-tsalle na bazata, kuma yana kama kansa a cikin filin don ya yaudari abokan gabansa.
Wasu dabi'un wasa suna da nufin ƙarfafa alaƙa tsakanin daidaikun mutane., kamar yadda yake faruwa a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa. Matan Chimpanzee, alal misali, suna caccakar jariransu kuma suna haɓaka wasan motsa jiki wanda ke ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa da koyar da iyakoki. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin aiki da dabbobi cikin ilimi da zamantakewa.
A cikin saitunan gida, mutane kuma suna ƙarfafa wasa ta hanyar kayan wasan yara, wasannin motsa jiki, da kuma abubuwan yau da kullun na wasa tare da dabbobinsu. Wannan yana haifar da kusanci tsakanin nau'in ɗan adam da na dabba, kuma yana nuna cewa jin daɗin haɗin gwiwa na iya zama maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin alaƙar ɗan adam..
Hatta wasu dabbobi irin su kurayen gida ko aladu an gansu suna mu'amala kai tsaye da mutane ko kayansu ta hanyar wasa., ba tare da neman abinci ko kariya ba, kawai don jin daÉ—in cuÉ—anya da zaburar da juna.
Wasa a cikin dabbobi ba wani abu ba ne, sai dai ƙarin bayyanar da rikitarwar halayen dabba.. Ko da yake ba duka nau'ikan suna wasa ba kuma ba za mu iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa suke yin haka koyaushe ba, abubuwan lura da nazari sun ba mu damar kammala cewa dabi'a ce ta duniya da mahimmanci fiye da yadda aka gaskata a baya. Ko don jin daɗi, haɓakar fahimi, ko lokacin kyauta kawai, dabbobi suna samun cikin wasa nau'in furci wanda ke ba da damar kwarewar rayuwarsu kuma yana haɗa mu da su ta hanya mai zurfi.
