Ilimin halittu na Paleontology yana fuskantar zamani mai cike da tarihi. Ci gaba da fasahohin nazari, kamar su kwamfuta tomography da kuma daukar hoto mai haske mai siffar polarized, suna bawa masana kimiyya damar duba samfuran da aka adana tsawon shekaru da dama kuma su yanke hukunci wanda zai canza abin da muka yi tunanin mun sani game da juyin halitta gaba daya. Ba wai kawai batun nemo sabbin burbushin halittu ba ne, har ma da sake fassara wadanda ke akwai da kayan aikin da ba su wanzu a da.
A cikin 'yan makonnin nan, an sanar da gano abubuwa da dama cewa, duk da cewa daga wurare da lokuta daban-daban, suna da alaƙa iri ɗaya: duk suna tilasta mana mu sake rubuta muhimman surori a tarihin rayuwa a Duniya. Daga wani ƙwari mai kama da ƙwari zuwa wani dinosaur wanda ya tsira daga kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, tare da burbushin da ke mayar da martani ga bayyanar dabbobi masu rikitarwa na farko, waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa tarihin burbushin halittu yana ci gaba da haifar da abubuwan mamaki kuma kimiyya ba ta daina ci gaba ba.
Wani burbushin halitta a Texas ya canza asalinsa
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki shine na Tesnusocaris goldichi , wani burbushin da aka samo a Texas a shekarar 1985 wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani abu mai ban mamaki na ruwa tsawon shekaru arba'in. Yanzu, wata ƙungiya ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta yi amfani da dabarun ɗaukar hoto mai haske mai ratsawa kuma ta gano cewa ainihin sabon nau'in kwari ne, mai suna Chosha praecursor . Samfurin, wanda ya rayu shekaru miliyan 324 da suka gabata, yana riƙe da ƙafafu uku na thoracic kamar kwari, amma kuma ƙarin nau'i tara na abubuwan ciki, jimilla gaɓoɓi 24. Wannan tsarin jiki, a cewar masu binciken, ya nuna cewa kwari na farko suna da ruwa kuma suna zaune a yankunan bakin teku, kafin su rungumi tsarin ƙafafu shida da muka sani a yau.
Binciken, wanda aka buga a cikin Nature , ya nuna cewa sake gina kwayoyin halitta ya sanya C. praecursor a matsayin hexapod, yana tabbatar da rarrabuwarsa a matsayin kwari mai bambancin ra'ayi na farko. Wannan binciken ba wai kawai ya gyara kuskuren da ya shafe shekaru da dama ba, har ma yana ba da muhimmin bayani don fahimtar sauyawa daga ruwa zuwa ƙasa a cikin waɗannan dabbobin da ke da kashin baya da sauran nau'ikan halittu.
Burbushin halittu daga Kanada da kyallen takarda masu laushi na musamman
A yankin Arctic na Kanada, wata ƙungiyar masana ilmin halittu ta gano burbushin halittu sama da shekaru miliyan 567, mallakar Ƙungiyar White Sea Association, ƙungiyar nau'ikan halittu na zamanin Ediacaran da aka sani kawai daga Rasha, Ostiraliya, da Ingila. Wannan shine karo na farko da ya bayyana a Arewacin Amurka, kuma burbushin ya bayyana dabbobin ruwa masu rikitarwa waɗanda suka riga suka fara motsawa da sake hayayyafa. Tun daga lokacin da aka gano waɗannan burbushin sun kasance tsakanin shekaru miliyan biyar zuwa goma da suka gabata fiye da yadda aka zata a baya, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da suka faru na juyin halitta kamar motsi mai aiki da haifuwar jima'i sun riga sun fara a cikin ruwa mai zurfi, ba a cikin yankunan bakin teku masu zurfi ba kamar yadda aka yi imani a baya. Wannan binciken, wanda aka buga a cikin Nature , ya nuna cewa yanayin zurfin teku na iya zama wurin farawa ga rayuwar dabbobi masu rikitarwa.
A gefe guda kuma, wani burbushin crinoid mai shekaru sama da miliyan 450, wanda aka adana a Gidan Tarihi na Paleontology and Evolution na Montreal, ya bayyana kyallen takarda masu laushi masu ban mamaki: ƙafafun bututu, sifofi masu laushi waɗanda ba kasafai suke rayuwa ba. Wannan samfurin, na Dendrocrinus simcoensis , shine mafi tsufa tare da kyallen takarda masu laushi kuma yana ba masu bincike damar yin nazarin yadda waɗannan dangin kifin starfish ke ciyar da su. Masu bincike daga Jami'ar Oklahoma sun gane gine-ginen a lokacin ziyarar da suka kai gidan kayan tarihi, suna nuna darajar tarin tarihi.
Kokon kai mai shekaru 200.000 a Ciudad Real
A ƙasar Spain, wurin da Los Villares ke Ruidera (Ciudad Real) ya samar da wani guntun kwanyar ɗan adam sama da shekaru 200.000, mai suna RVH-1. Wannan shine farkon ragowar kwanyar wannan zamanin da aka samu a kudancin rabin yankin Iberian, kuma yanayin halittarsa abin birgewa ne: yana nuna kauri na ƙashi mai ban mamaki da kuma siffar kusurwa mai tsayi, mai nisa da zagaye na yau da kullun na pre-Neanderthals. Binciken 3D ya sanya shi a cikin jerin Homo heidelbergensis , amma yana da siffofi kamar tsoffin burbushin halittu daga Afirka da Turai. A cewar masu bincike, wannan ya tabbatar da cewa juyin halittar hominid a Turai ya ci gaba ta hanyar mosaic, tare da al'ummomi daban-daban da halaye daban-daban.
An gano wannan abu, wanda aka buga a cikin Mujallar Juyin Halittar Dan Adam , a lokacin yakin farko na aikin First Settlers of the Upper Guadiana a shekarar 2023. Tare da kwanyar, an gano burbushin halittu sama da 500 da kayan aikin dutse, da kuma wani haƙori wanda, ta hanyar paleoproteomics, ya tabbatar da cewa mutumin namiji ne. Mataimakin daraktan Atapuerca, Juan Luis Arsuaga, ya yi bikin gano wannan abu, yana mai lura da cewa yana da matukar rikitarwa taswirar juyin halitta ta Turai kafin Neanderthal.
Dinosaur mara lafiya a Morella
A garin Morella, a lardin Castellón, wata tawagar UNED (Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Ilimi Mai Nisa) ta gano shaidar farko da aka tabbatar da cewa wani abu da ya faru a ƙashi ya samo asali ne daga wani kumburin fata a cikin ƙashin Iguanodon bernissartensis . An yi gwajin CT a Babban Asibitin Castellón, wanda ya ba masu bincike damar lura da cikin ƙashin ba tare da ya lalata shi ba. Masu binciken sun yi watsi da karyewar ƙashi da ƙari, kuma sun kammala da cewa kauri ya faru ne sakamakon kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kama da na gyambon daji na ɗan adam. Mafi mahimmanci, dinosaur ya rayu tsawon lokaci har jikinsa ya samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin ƙashi, kodayake raunin dole ne ya haifar masa da ciwo da ƙuntatawa na aiki.
Wannan binciken, wanda aka buga a cikin Royal Society Open Science , ya nuna cewa ilimin halittar jiki na iya bayyana fannoni na lafiya da halayen dinosaur a Spain waɗanda suka wuce tsarin jikinsu. Bugu da ƙari, Morella tana ƙarfafa matsayinta a matsayin ma'aunin Turai na Early Cretaceous, tare da adana abubuwa sama da 8.000 da kuma gadon da magajin gari, Bernabé Sangüesa, ke fafutukar gina gidan tarihi na gaba.
Idan aka haɗa waɗannan binciken, waɗannan binciken sun nuna cewa nazarin burbushin halittu ya kasance tushen abubuwan mamaki marasa ƙarewa. Kowace sabuwar dabara, kowace sake duba wani tsohon samfurin, na iya canza abin da muka yi tunanin mun sani. Juyin halitta ba layi ne madaidaiciya ba, amma wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa wanda masana ilmin burbushin halittu ke warwarewa a hankali, tare da taimakon fasaha da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin cibiyoyi. Kuma Spain, tare da wurare kamar Ruidera da Morella, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan aiki mai ban sha'awa.
