Idan muka yi magana game da Grail Mai Tsarki , kusan kowa yana tunanin ƙoƙon zinariya mai haske wanda ke ba da rai madawwami ko ikon sihiri. Duk da haka, idan muka goge saman, za mu fahimci cewa muna mu'amala da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki na al'adun Yamma, cakuda imani mai ban tsoro, adabin jarumtaka, da tatsuniyoyi waɗanda suka tsira daga shuɗewar ƙarni.
Abin da ya fi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa ba wai kawai akwai sigar wannan labarin ba, amma akwai fassarori iri-iri , daga kofin da Almasihu ya yi amfani da shi a lokacin cin abincin ƙarshe zuwa wani dutse mai daraja da ya faɗo daga sama. Wannan bincike na yau da kullun don tsarki ya sanya kalmar ta zama kwatanci na duniya ga duk wani burin da ake nema wanda kusan ba zai yiwu a cimma ba, ko a kimiyya, magani, ko rayuwar mutum.
Asalin asalin da kuma alamun farko
Domin fahimtar inda duk wannan ya fito, muna buƙatar duba kalmar "grail." Da alama ta samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin " gradalis ," wadda a zahiri take nufin abinci ko tire wanda ake yin abubuwan ci a kai a lokuta daban-daban yayin liyafa. A zahiri, wasu marubutan tarihi na ƙarni na 13 sun bayyana grail a matsayin wani jirgin ruwa na ƙarfe mai daraja wanda aka tsara don gabatar da abinci mai tsada a cikin al'ada.
A fannin addini, akwai tsoffin littattafai da suka ambaci kofuna masu albarka. Misali, rubuce-rubuce daga ƙarni na 6 sun riga sun yi magana game da kofin onyx a cikin Basilica na Constantine da ke Urushalima. Daga baya, a shekara ta 670, an bayyana wani kofin azurfa mai madauri biyu wanda zai iya ɗaukar kimanin lita biyu, wanda ke nuna cewa abu ɗaya ne da Yesu ya yi amfani da shi kuma daga baya aka ba wa manzanninsa.
Rubutun Ado a Adabi: Daga Troyes zuwa Wolfram
Tsallakewa zuwa shahararriyar adabi ta zo ne sakamakon Chrétien de Troyes a ƙarni na 12. A cikin littafinsa Perceval , Grail ya bayyana a matsayin wani abu mai ban mamaki wanda ke ciyar da mahaifin Fisher King ta hanyar mu'ujiza. Abin sha'awa a nan shi ne cewa Troyes bai bayyana shi a matsayin wani abu "mai tsarki ba," amma kawai a matsayin Grail , yana mai da hankali kan mai masaukin da aka keɓe fiye da kofin da kansa.
Daga baya, Robert de Boron ya yi amfani da shi wajen fassara shi zuwa ga Kiristanci, inda ya haɗa shi da Yusufu na Arimathea . A cewar labarinsa, Yusufu ya yi amfani da jirgin don tattara jinin Almasihu a lokacin gicciye shi, sannan ya kawo shi Birtaniya, musamman a Glastonbury. Wannan labarin ya mayar da abin zuwa wani abin tarihi da aka cika da alamun Eucharistic mai ban tsoro, inda tsarkin zuciya shine kawai abin da ake buƙata don samun damar shiga.
A gefe guda kuma, muna da sigar Jamusanci ta Wolfram von Eschenbach a cikin waƙarsa ta Parzival . A nan, Grail ba kofi ba ne, amma dutse mai daraja ne . Labarin Parzival tafiya ce ta balaga ta ruhaniya: ya fara ne a matsayin saurayi mara wayo sanye da kayan wasa kuma ya ƙare ya zama Sarkin Grail bayan ya fahimci cewa jarumtakar gaske ba ta cikin ƙarfi ba, amma cikin tausayi da tawali'u.
'Yan takara na gaske don lashe kyautar Holy Grail
A tsawon tarihi, cibiyoyi daban-daban sun yi iƙirarin mallakar ainihin kayan tarihi. Daga cikin mafi shahara akwai:
- Chalice Mai Tsarki na Valencia: Kofin agate daga ƙarni na 1 wanda al'adar Aragonese ke dangantawa da Abincin Ƙarshe kuma wanda ya isa babban cocin Valencia a ƙarni na 15.
- Catino Mai Tsarki na Genoa: Farantin gilashi kore wanda 'yan Salibiyya suka kawo daga Kaisariya, suna tsammanin an yi shi da emerald.
- Chalice na O Cebreiro: Tana cikin Galicia, kewaye da tatsuniyoyi game da mu'ujizai na Eucharistic waÉ—anda za su iya zaburar da tatsuniyoyi na Turai.
- Kwano na Agate na Vienna: Wani É“angare na taskar Habsburg, kodayake nazarin zamani ya nuna cewa rubutunsa mafarki ne na gani.
Akwai kuma wasu ka'idoji marasa tushe, kamar na Nanteos Vase a Wales, wanda aka yi da itace, ko kuma Antioch Chalice, wanda masana da yawa ke É—aukarsa a matsayin jabu daga baya.
Grail da inuwar esotericism da Nazism
Tatsuniyar da ta kewaye Grail ba ta ƙare ba a zamanin Tsakiya. A ƙarni na 20, mutane kamar Aleister Crowley sun sake fassara ta ta hanyar sihiri. Amma abin da ya fi tayar da hankali shi ne sha'awar Reich na Uku . Heinrich Himmler da SS sun damu da ra'ayin cewa Grail tushen ikon kakanninmu ne da ke da alaƙa da tsarkin launin fata na Aryan.
Mai bincike Otto Rahn ya nemi alaƙa tsakanin Cathars da Grail, yana mai nuni da cewa yana wakiltar wani iko na ruhaniya wanda ba shi da wani abu. Har ma an ce Himmler ya ziyarci Montserrat Abbey yana neman alamu game da abin. Wannan ra'ayi mara tushe ya haɗa tatsuniyoyin Arthurian da akidar wariyar launin fata , wanda ya ɓace gaba ɗaya daga ma'anar asali ta fansa da imani.
Alama da gado a cikin al'adun jama'a
Bayan addini da siyasa, Holy Grail ya bar wata alama da ba za a iya gogewa ba a fannin fasaha. Daga wasan opera na Wagner Parsifal zuwa fina-finai kamar Indiana Jones da Last Crusade da littattafai kamar The Da Vinci Code , ra'ayin neman aiki ba tare da wata matsala ba ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai dacewa. Wasu ka'idoji na zamani sun nuna cewa Grail ba abu ne mai muhimmanci ba, sai dai asalin jinin da ya samo asali daga haÉ—in Yesu da Maryamu Magadaliya, kodayake wannan ya fi tarihi almara.
A fagen wasan kwaikwayo na yanzu, ayyuka kamar waƙoƙin The Adventures of the Holy Grail suna neman kusantar da wannan sirrin ga matasa, suna haɗa rawa ta birni da rawa ta rawa don bayyana cewa kofin yana wakiltar ma'anar ruhaniya ta Eucharist da kuma sauye-sauyen mutum.
Daga tatsuniyoyin Knights of the Round Table da tsarkin Galahad, ta hanyar kayan ƙarfe masu daraja da aka ajiye a cikin manyan coci, zuwa abubuwan da ke damun al'ummomin sirri, Grail ya kasance abin jan hankali ga sha'awar ɗan adam. Wannan tafiya, wacce ta fara a liyafar Latin kuma ta ƙare da al'adun pop, tana koya mana cewa abin da muke nema da gaske ba kofi na zinare ba ne, amma amsa ga yanayinmu da yuwuwar samun alheri mafi girma.