An kiyasta dabba mafi tsufa a duniya shekaru 15.000, biye da wasu manyan masu dadewa wadanda suka wuce adadi na shekaru 500. Shekaru da yawa na iya zama abin ban mamaki a gare mu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa muke son kawo muku sirrin tsawon rayuwar waɗannan dabbobi.
Idan kuna sha'awar gano sirrin ku, da kuma waɗanda su ne dabbobi mafi dadewa da suka wanzu, kada ku rasa labarin da muke kawowa a yau game da waɗannan duka.
Dabba mafi tsufa a duniya
Ba zai dauki lokaci mai tsawo ba mu bayyana wace ce dabba mafi tsufa a duniya, Soso ne. Wasu nau'ikan soso na iya rayuwa na dubban shekaru, suna mai da su sanannen misalai na tsawon rai a cikin duniyar dabba. Duk da haka, ba su kaɗai ba ne dabbobin da ke rayuwa tsawon shekaru. Wasu suna so wasu nau'in kunkuru, whales da wasu mollusks irin su Iceland clam wanda zai iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 500.
Tsawon rayuwa wani abu ne sosai m dangane da nau'in dabba da yanayin muhalli wanda yake tasowa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa maimakon yin magana game da soso kawai, bari muyi magana game da dabbobi 5 mafi dadewa da kuma dalilin da yasa suke dadewa.
1. Dabbobi mafi tsufa a duniya: Sponge na Antarctic
Wannan nau'in soso (Anoxycalyx) yana riƙe da rikodin tsawon rai a duniyar dabba. Har yanzu Misalin kimanin mita 2, an kiyasta shekarun a kimanin shekaru 15.000. Zuwa wani samfurin soso Monorhaphis chuni da ke cikin Tekun China an ƙididdige su shekaru 11.00. Tare da waɗannan alkalumman a bayyane yake cewa dabbobi kaɗan ne za su iya ɗaukar taken dabba mafi dadewa daga waɗannan soso.
Daga cikin soso da murjani akwai inda aka samo samfuran da ke da tsawon dubban shekaru.. A cewar masana kimiyya, tsawon rayuwar waɗannan samfurori shine fa'ida da aka samu a musayar su don sauƙi. Kuma waɗannan dabbobin suna da adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin sel waɗanda Suna da ikon sake haɓakawa da haɓaka ƙwayoyin su akai-akai. Za mu iya cewa su ne matasa na har abada, Ba a ma maganar cewa ba su dawwama, tun da a zahiri akwai hanyoyin da waɗannan dabbobin za su iya mutuwa.
2. Iceland Clam ko Arctica tsibirin
Babu shakka clam na Iceland shine nau'in dabba mafi tsufa na biyu da ke wanzuwa, mai sauƙin kai shekaru 500. An san takamaiman samfurin, wanda ake kira «Ming» wanda ya wuce shekaru 507 lokacin da aka gano shi.
Sirrin dadewa na wadannan clams yana cikin gaskiyar cewa suna da a jinkirin metabolism wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga sel ɗinku suna lalacewa sannu a hankali yana ba su tsawon rai. Muhallin da suke zaune shima yana da alaka da shi tunda ruwa ne mai sanyi da sanyi a ina A zahiri babu damuwa muhalli. A muhallin dole ne mu ƙara ɗan abin da suke da shi, saboda salon rayuwarsu za su iya guje wa yawancin mafarauta.
Kamar dai yadda muke magana game da gyaran salon salula mai ban sha'awa na soso da murjani, clam Iceland shima yana da nau'in. ingantacciyar hanya don gyara lalacewar salula da sake farfadowa. Ko da yake ba tare da shakka babu wani abu mai kama da soso da aka ambata ba.
3. Greenland shark
Matsakaicin shekarun rayuwa da wannan nau'in na shark zai iya kaiwa shine tsakanin shekara 272 zuwa 500. Tare da wannan babban ƙarfin isa ga ɗaruruwan shekaru, al'ada ce cewa ita ce nau'in dabbobi na uku mafi dadewa.
Nazarin da aka gudanar akan waɗannan sharks da alama suna nuna cewa suna rayuwa shekaru masu yawa saboda tafiyar hawainiya. Suna girma centimita ɗaya a shekara kuma suna kai shekaru 150 na jima'i. Wannan jinkirin ya samo asali ne saboda wurin zama, wanda yake a ciki ruwan sanyi sosai wanda ke haifar da metabolism da ayyukan salula don raguwa. Tsawon shekaru yana wucewa sannu a hankali ta cikin waɗannan dabbobi, don haka yana ƙara tsawon rayuwarsu.
4. Greenland Whale
Har zuwa kwanan nan an yi tunanin cewa whale na baka ya rayu kusan shekaru 70. Duk da haka, bincike a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya nuna cewa wasu samfurori sun kai tsakanin shekaru 150 zuwa 200. Wadannan binciken sun kara tsawon rayuwar wadannan whales kuma sun sanya su a matsayi na hudu a cikin dabbobi masu dadewa.
Wadannan kifayen, da aka fi sani da bowhead Whales, ba kamar sauran nau'in kifin kifi ba, ba sa yin hijira don ciyarwa ko hayayyafa. Wannan yana nufin haka yana ciyar da rayuwarsa gaba ɗaya cikin ruwan ƙanƙara kamar yadda ya faru da al'amarin da ya gabata na shark.
Waɗannan kifin kifi sun dace da yanayin sanyi kuma sun samo asali don ba su da ƙwanƙolin baya yayin yin iyo a cikin ruwan ƙanƙara. Hanyar motsin su yana da hankali fiye da sauran whales, don haka suna guje wa zafi.
5. Askewar linzamin kwamfuta
Fiye da ɗaruruwan da dubban shekaru da dabbobin da suka gabata zasu iya rayuwa, linzamin kwamfuta na iya kai shekaru 31 na shekaru. Yana iya zama kamar ƙaramin abu a gare mu, amma muna magana ne game da rodent Suna rayuwa a matsakaita tsakanin shekaru 5 zuwa 10, don haka lamarin linzamin kwamfuta ya cancanci kasancewa cikin wannan jerin.
Wani abu mai ban sha'awa game da wannan nau'in shine cewa shi babban juriya ga ciwon daji da sauran cututtuka na zamani ko tsufa. Suna da ikon kula da lafiyar zuciya mai kishi, kuma suna da ikon kare telomeres (ƙarshen chromosomes) waɗanda sauran dabbobi ke rasa yayin da suka tsufa. Saboda haka, su ne manyan dabbobi a cikin bincike kan tsawon rayuwar salula da kuma guje wa cututtuka da aka samo daga shekaru.
Babban dalilai na zama dabba mai tsayi
Ta yaya muka sami damar siyan dabbobin da aka yi musu yanayin sanyi Suna gudanar da tsawaita rayuwarsu ta hanyar tsawaita duk tsarin girma ta hanyar raguwa.
Wani abin ban sha'awa shine sabunta tantanin halitta da kariya ta telomere, inda ya ta'allaka ne mabuɗin zama matasa kuma inda wasu nazarin ke mai da hankali kan tsawaita rayuwa tare da inganci, lafiya da matasa.
Saboda haka, sanin dalilan da ya sa akwai wasu nau'in dabba da suka dade suna iya amfanin sauran dabbobi da mutane ta hanyar tsawaita rayuwarmu.