Koyi ta hanyar rubutun da ke gaba kadan game da rayuwa mai nasara da rigima na ɗan wasan Poland Tamara Lemppicka, wanda aka yi la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi tasiri a cikin tarihin fasaha na duniya.
Tamara Lemppicka
Ƙarshen yakin duniya na farko ya wakilta ga al'adu da yawa wani canji mai ban sha'awa mai cike da motsin rai da juyin juya hali, musamman daga yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa. Kasashe kamar Amurka ko ma nahiyar Turai sun shaida abin da ake kira "ruwan ashirin", inda shigar mata cikin al'umma ya sami sabon iska.
Lokaci ne ba kawai na haɓakar tattalin arziki da haɓaka al'adun masu amfani ba, amma mata kuma sun sami damar samun sabon matakin 'yanci. A kasashe da dama na duniya an ba su damar kada kuri'a, yayin da mata da yawa suka shiga aiki, ta haka ne suka sami 'yancin cin gashin kansu.
'Yancin kuɗin da mata da yawa suka fara samu bayan yakin duniya na farko ya kuma yi tasiri ga sauran al'amuran zamantakewa. Ya canza salo da kuma yadda mata suke aiki. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan alamun wakilci na lokacin da mata da yawa suka gane a yau shine "flapper".
Menene game da shi? Wata mata da ta sa tufafin da ba a kwance ba, tana da gajere, gashi mai kaushi, kuma ta ɗauki salon rayuwa mai ƙima. Ana iya cewa waɗannan nau'ikan mata sun kasance tushen wahayi da tasiri a cikin aikin mashahurin ɗan wasan Poland Tamara de Lempicka, wanda za mu ƙarin koyo game da shi a rubutu na gaba.
Ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi wakilcin masu fasaha na Poland na lokacin. Mutane da yawa sun san ta a ƙarƙashin sunan laƙabi na "Baroness tare da goga", kuma ba tare da shakka ba Lemppicka ya zama ƙwararren fasaha. Sunansa ya fito ne daga hotunansa na kansa da kuma zanen mata a cikin kyakkyawan salon kayan adonsa.
A cikin tarihinsa, ya iya samar da ayyukan fasaha masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda aka kwatanta, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta hanyar nuna ikon mata da kuma jin dadi. Ta hanyar zane-zanenta, Tamara Lempicka ta nemi bikin 'yancin kai da 'yancin mata na shekarun 1920.
Daya daga cikin manyan kalmomin da ya ke alamta shi ne: "Ina rayuwa ne a kan gabar al'umma, kuma ka'idojin al'umma ba su shafi wadanda ke zaune a kan iyaka."
Wanene Tamara de Lempicka?
Wataƙila yawancin jama'a sun san ta a matsayin Tamara de Lempicka, amma wannan ba shine ainihin sunanta ba. Lokacin da aka haife ta, iyayenta suna kiranta Maria Gorska, duk da haka a tsawon lokaci mutane da yawa sun fara kiranta Tamara, sunan mataki.
An haifi wannan mawaƙin ɗan ƙasar Poland ne a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 1898. Haihuwarta ta faru ne a wani gari a ƙasar Poland mai suna Warsaw. Ita ce 'yar wani fitaccen lauya dan asalin Bayahude mai suna Boris Gurwik-Gorski, yayin da mahaifiyarta yar zamantakewar jama'ar Poland ce mai suna Malvina Decler.
Sha'awarta ga duniyar fasaha ta fara tun tana ƙarama. An ce tun tana karama ta fara cudanya da fasaha, ko da tana da shekaru goma, ta fara zana zane-zane na farko. Ɗayan aikinsa na farko shi ne hoton da ya yi wa ƙanwarsa.
Ta kasance a takaice a makarantar allo a Lausanne, Switzerland, amma da barinta, ta yanke shawarar zama tare da kakarta a Italiya, ƙasar da ke wakiltar aikin fasaha da yawa, domin a can ne ta sami damar gano ayyukan fitattun masu zanen zamanin Renaissance, gami da salo da yawa waɗanda suka yi tasiri a aikinta na mai zane.
Rayuwar wannan mawaƙin ɗan ƙasar Poland koyaushe tana da alamar abin kunya da jayayya. Sa’ad da take ɗan shekara 16, ta ƙaunaci wani lauya ɗan ƙasar Poland Tadeusz de Lempicka, wanda daga baya ta aura. Jim kadan bayan daurin aurensu a St. Petersburg, jami’an sabuwar gwamnatin Bolshevik sun kama mijin Tamara.
Kamun da aka yi wa lauya Tadeusz de Lempicka bai daɗe ba saboda godiya ga mai fasaha Tamara wanda ya shawo kan masu garkuwa da su sake shi. Sabbin ma'auratan sun gudu daga juyin juya halin Rasha kuma suka koma birnin Paris, inda mai zanen Poland ya fara horar da fasaha tare da Maurice Denis da André Lhote.
Ba a ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo ba Tamara Lempicka ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bayanai na fasaha a cikin birni. Babban gwaninta ya jagoranci ta don cin nasara matakai da yawa tare da wasu mashahuran masu fasaha irin su Pablo Picasso, Jean Cocteau da André Gide.
Mawallafin Yaren mutanen Poland sun ki amincewa da masu zane-zane na lokacin, saboda ta yi imanin cewa sun zana da launuka "datti". Wannan shine yadda Tamara Lempicka ta yanke shawarar cewa salon zanen nata zai kasance da abin da yake sabo, mai rai, mai tsabta da kyakkyawa.
"Manufana ba shine in kwafi ba, amma don ƙirƙirar sabon salo, tare da haske da launuka masu haske, da jin daɗin kyawawan samfuran," in ji mai zane.
Gaskiyar ita ce, Tamara Lempicka ba koyaushe ba ne sanannen mai fasaha da sha'awar. A cikin shekarunta na samartaka da kuma wani bangare na balagarta, zane-zanenta sun sami damar samun karbuwa ga jama'a, a haƙiƙa, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mata kaɗan waɗanda suka sami damar rayuwa daga aikinta na fasaha.
Abin baƙin cikin shine, a cikin shekarun rayuwarsa na ƙarshe, aikin Lemppicka a hankali ya rasa sha'awar masu suka, musamman saboda fitowar sababbin igiyoyin fasaha, ciki har da maganganun da ba a sani ba na Arewacin Amirka, ba tare da wata hanya ta alama ba.
Duk da wannan raguwar, a cikin shekarun baya bayan nan an tabbatar da aikin Lempicka kuma an dawo da shi, kuma a yau tana ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha da ake nema a karni na XNUMX. Rayuwarsa da halayensa ba su da wani ɓangare na ba a san su ba: tatsuniyar da ke tattare da halayensa sun tura shi don ƙirƙirar labarin kansa, wanda gaskiyar ta kasance tare da ƙirƙira.
tashi zuwa shahara
Mawaƙin ƙasar Poland Tamara Lempicka ta gudanar da ɗaya daga cikin muhimman nune-nune na farko na aikinta a birnin Milan a cikin shekaru goma na 1925. Don wannan baje kolin, sai da ta zana wasu zane-zane 28 a cikin watanni shida kacal, wani abu da ya nuna mata babban kalubale ne.
Duk ƙoƙarin da sadaukarwar da Lemppicka ya yi ya cancanci hakan. Ba a daɗe ba sai mai zanen ya fara baje kolin ayyukanta a wasu manyan gidajen tarihi na Turai. Ana iya cewa babban hulɗarsa ta farko da shahara ta faru ne lokacin da ya baje kolin aikinsa a Baje kolin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru da Masana'antu na Zamani.
A daidai lokacin wannan nunin ne 'yan jaridun fashion suka fito Harper's Bazaar gano kyakkyawan aikin mai zane Tamara Lempicka. Kusan a lokaci guda ta sami izini daga mujallar fashion ta Jamus, Die Dame, wanda ta zana hotonta mai kyan gani, Tamara a cikin Green Bugatti (1929).
Ba tare da shakka ba, wannan hoton kai tsaye yana wakiltar ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun da mahimmanci a cikin aikin Tamara Lempicka, har ma an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa misalai na zane-zane na zane-zane na zane-zane. A cikin wannan aikin, Lempicka ta yi wa kanta fenti a bayan motar motar tseren Bugatti, sanye da hular fata, dogayen farar safar hannu, sanye da rigar siliki.
Gaskiyar ita ce Lempicka ba ta da Bugatti, amma ƙaramin Ranault rawaya, duk da haka, zanen ya ɗauki kyawunta, ƴancin kai da dukiyarta. Ko da yake gaskiya ne cewa wannan shi ne daya daga cikin fitattun hotunanta da aka sani a duniya, mawallafin ya kuma sami damar haskaka godiya ga wasu muhimman ayyuka da ke ci gaba da yin tasiri ga sababbin tsararraki.
sirri abun kunya
Tamara Lempicka ta shahara ba wai kawai saboda aikin da ba ta da kyau da ta yi a duniyar zane-zane, amma ta kasance cikin rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice a tsawon rayuwarta, musamman a lokacin da take zaune a birnin Paris, musamman a cikin masana'antu. 1920s, lokacin da ya shahara ga jam'iyyun daji da kuma sha'awar jima'i ga maza da mata.
A lokacin da yake aiki, ya zana hotunan hamshakan attajirai da shahararru na zamanin, ciki har da Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Girka, da Sarkin Spain Alfonso XIII, da mawaƙin Italiyanci Gabriele d’Annunzio. Mahaukaciyar rayuwarta ta jawo mata matsaloli da dama, hatta a rayuwar aurenta, har mijinta ya yanke shawarar rabuwa da ita saboda irin badakalar da suka rufe rayuwarta.
Tamara Lempicka 'yar Poland tana da 'ya tilo, amma duk da haka, da kyar ta taba ganinta ko kuma tana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da ita. Wanda ke da alhakin kula da yarinyar ita ce kakarta. Bayan 'yar dankon zumuncin da ke tsakanin uwa da 'ya, ba za a iya musun cewa yarinyar ta mutu a yawancin zane-zanenta.
Daga cikin wasu zane-zanen da za ku iya ganin 'yar Tamara Lempicka akwai:
- Pink Kizette (1926)
- Sleeping Kizette (1934)
- The Baroness Kizette (1954)
Rushewar Lempicka a cikin tsaka mai wuyar magana
Bayan ɗan lokaci bayan sake auren mijinta na farko, dan wasan Poland Tamara Lempicka ya yanke shawarar ba wa kanta sabuwar dama ta soyayya. A wannan lokacin, ta auri Baron Kuffner, wanda ya zama mijin mai zane na biyu. An yi auren ne a shekara ta 1933.
Bayan ’yan shekaru da aurensu, musamman a shekara ta 1939, kafin a soma Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ma’auratan sun yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa Amirka. A can, nasarorin ƙwararrun mata na Poland ba za su gushe ba. Ta ci gaba da zama haziƙan mai fasaha kuma ta sami ɗimbin hotuna masu rai na taurarin Hollywood.
Koyaya, bayan yakin duniya na biyu, abubuwan da ake so na al'umma sun fara canzawa kaɗan, kuma buƙatun zane-zane na zane-zane na Lempicka ya fara faɗuwa sosai don nuna sha'awar fa'ida, wanda babu shakka zai haifar da damuwa mai yawa a cikin rayuwar ɗan adam. Mawaƙin Poland.
A cikin zurfin yanke kauna, Tamara Lempicka ya ɗauki ƙalubalen shiga cikin aikin m, la'akari da cewa shi ne yanayin da jama'a suka fi so a lokacin. Ita ce ke kula da inganta sabon salo tare da spatula, duk da haka, sabon aikinta bai samu nasarar da ake tsammani ba, har ta daina baje kolinsa a bainar jama'a jim kadan bayan haka.
Shekaru bayan haka, mai zanen ya yanke shawarar zama na ɗan lokaci tare da 'yarta a Houston, kodayake shekarun rayuwarta na ƙarshe ba a kashe su ba a Amurka amma a Mexico, musamman a Cuernavaca. Meksiko ta zama gida na ƙarshe na ɗan wasan Poland, ƙasar da koyaushe tana ɗauka a cikin zuciyarta.
Mutuwar Tamara Lempicka na ɗaya daga cikin mafi baƙin ciki kuma mafi banƙyama labarai ga masu sha'awar zane. Ta rasu a shekarar 1980; kuma bisa ga bukatarsa, an kona gawarsa kuma toka ta warwatse a kan gangaren dutsen mai aman wuta na Popocatepetl, ta haka ya kawo karshen kyakkyawan aiki da nasara.
Tadawa da gado
Duk da mummunar rayuwar da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Tamara Lempicka ya yi, ba za a iya musun babban aikin da ta yi a duniyar zane-zane ba, har yau aikinta yana sha'awar dubban mutane a duk duniya. . Sha'awa a cikin aikinta ya fara farfadowa a cikin shekarun 1970, bayan nunin nunin "Tamara de Lempicka daga 1925-1935" wanda aka gudanar a fadar Luxembourg a birnin Paris a shekarar 1972.
Jarumar haifaffen Poland ta mutu a shekarun 1980, kuma a yau, fiye da shekaru 40 bayan wannan mummunan labari, aikinta har yanzu yana daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi so da sha'awa a duniya, musamman a cikin shahararrun mutane. Taurari da yawa sun sadaukar da kansu don tattara zane-zanensa, don haka suna nuna babban sha'awar aikin Lempicka.
Wasu daga cikin mashahuran da suka tattara ayyukan Tamara Lempicka sun haɗa da Jack Nicholson, Barbara Streisand, da Madonna. Hotunan mawaƙin Poland har ma suna bayyana a cikin wasu bidiyon kiɗan Madonna, gami da Vogue, Buɗe Zuciyarku, da Bayyana Kanku.
Hakanan kuna iya sha'awar labarai masu zuwa:
- Rushewar Rushewar
- The Hay Wagon
- Saturn yana cinye 'ya'yansa.