Tufafin Cowboy a Mexico ba kawai kayan ado ba ne: abin tunawa ne mai rai, sana'a, da kuma abin alfahari. Daga faffadan huluna zuwa manyan takalmi na fata, Kowane tufafi yana ba da labarin aiki, basira da haɗin al'aduWannan tafiya ta tushen sa da juyin halitta yana bayyana yadda, daga ranch zuwa catwalk, salon kaboyi ya zama alamar duniya.
Bayan tatsuniyar fim ɗin "kawoyi," vaquería yana da DNA na Hispanic-Mexica na musamman. Ayyukan su, kalmomin su (bronco, chaparreras, corral, lazo, rodeo, rancho) da kuma kayan adonsu an haife su ne daga haduwar da ke tsakanin al'adun dawaki na Spain da kuma ainihin yankunan karkara a New Spain da kudu maso yammacin Amurka.
Tushen Hispanic da Mexiko na vaquería
Al'adar kaboyi na zamani ta samo asali ne a cikin ƙarni na 16 da 18, lokacin da mahaya dawakai na Sipaniya suka gabatar da dawakai, da shanu, da manyan manya, takalmi mai nunin yatsa zuwa cikin New Spain. A cikin tarurrukan sana'a ko bita, da yawa daga cikinsu sun halarci ta hannun ƴan asalin ƙasar da aka horar da masanan ƙasa, An yi takalmi, sirdi da kayan ɗamara tare da dabarun da aka gyara tsara bayan tsara..
A cikin birane kamar Mexico City da Puebla, gungun masu yin takalma sun dace da takalma don aikin gona da hawan chars da kaboyi. Wannan ya aza harsashin ginin taya mai aiki da ɗorewa wanda ya samo asali tare da haɓakar noman dabbobi da kuma wani wuri na musamman.
Yayin da tsarin hacienda ya girma, sana'ar kawaye ta zama mai ƙarfi kuma ta ɗauki ainihin kanta: daga hannun ranch zuwa ƙwararrun charro a cikin sirdi. Tufafin, daga hula zuwa chaps, an tsaftace su azaman kayan kariya kuma, a lokaci guda, a matsayin alamar mallakarsu.
Bayan lokaci kuma tare da faɗaɗa arewa, wannan ilimin ya ketare iyakoki kuma ya haɗu da tasirin Anglo-Amurka. Abubuwan Turai irin su takalman Wellington, wanda Duke na Wellington ya shahara, sun yi tasiri ga ƙira waɗanda a ƙarshe za su siffata takalmi na gargajiya.
Daga ranch zuwa manyan hanyoyin shanu
Zamanin zinare na dogayen hanyoyin shanu a Arewacin Amurka ya samu a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na 19, lokacin Bukatar nama ya tura manyan tutoci daga Texas da arewacin Mexico zuwa titin dogo na arewa. Tuƙi na iya ɗaukar tsawon watanni shida kuma yana motsawa tsakanin 2.000 zuwa 5.000 waɗanda ke da alamun dogon ƙaho.
An shirya ayarin a kusa da chuckwagon (motar dafa abinci), canjin dawakai da tawagar masu matsayi: dan sanda, babban hannu (na biyu), jujjuyawa da gefuna a gefuna, da ja a cikin baya mai ƙura. Da tsakar rana suka ci abinci a wurin da aka amince. da magariba, an yi canjin agogo da gadaje a waje a ƙarƙashin taurari.
Tashin hankali shine babban abokin gaba: guguwa, tsoro ko hari na iya warwatsa garken a cikin duhu, tilasta yunkurin kashe kansa don sake haduwa. Kwarewar dawaki da jaruntaka sun kasance abubuwan da ake bukata don tsira.
Daga cikin shahararrun hanyoyin sune Chisholm (San Antonio-Abilene), Western (Bandera-Ogallala), da Goodnight-Loving (Fort Concho-Pueblo). Garuruwa irin su Abilene, Dodge City da Ogallala sun girma a matsayin jigon wannan bust ɗin shanu.
Nau'in takalman kaboyi a yau
Kasuwar yau tana ba da samfuran samfura da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa al'ada, aiki, da salon salo. Fiye da kowane lokaci, Akwai nau'i-nau'i don kowane amfani da hali.
Takalmin gargajiya: Maɗaukakin sama, mai zagaye ko ƙafar ƙafa, da diddige diddige don sirdi; fata mai ɗorewa da ginin dogon lokaci ga waɗanda ke neman sahihanci da suturar yau da kullun.
Rodeo takalmaAn tsara shi don yashi da damuwa na gasa, tare da ƙwanƙwasa maras kyau, sheqa mai ƙarfi, da ƙarfafa dabarun don kare ƙafa da kafa.
Takalma na aiki: An tsara shi don aiki mai zurfi a fagen ko masana'antu; fata mai kauri, ƙaƙƙarfan iyakoki, insoles masu tallafi, da hana ruwa lokacin da ake buƙata.
Takalmi na ban mamaki: jimina, maciji, algator, kada ko buffalo ba na musamman laushi da veins; guda da aka yaba sosai a abubuwan da suka faru, matakai, da kamannun halaye.
Takalman salon zamani: slimmer silhouettes, launuka marasa al'ada, kayan haɓakawa da kayan ado masu ban sha'awa don salon birni ko titin jirgin sama.
Takalma na al'ada: : sabis ɗin da aka kera don zaɓar na ƙarshe, tsayin shaft, kayan, launi da kayan ado; hanyar samun nau'i na musamman wanda ke magana akan ku.
Bambance-bambancen yankiA Meziko, takalmi masu tsayin sheqa na gargajiya, masu takalmi sun kasance tare tare da mafi zagayen takalman Texan, sakamakon musayar ra'ayi a kan iyaka da daidaitawa zuwa filin.
Joaquín Murrieta da alamar zamantakewa na taya
Joaquín Murrieta, wani Sonoran wanda ya yi hijira zuwa California a lokacin Zinariya ta Zinariya kuma ya sha fama da wariyar launin fata da tashin hankali, ya yi fice a cikin sanannun tunawa. Labarinsa a matsayin "Robin Hood na El Dorado" ya sanya shi alamar juriya da rashin adalci.
Takalmin shanu a cikin wannan mahallin ba kawai takalma ba ne: ainihi ne, girman kai, da kayan aiki. Tsakanin dorewarta da ƙayatattun ƙayatarwa, ya zama bayanin mallakarsa da mutunci.
Tambayoyi akai-akai
- Wanene Joaquín Murrieta?
- Wani ɗan tarihi na almara na asalin Mexiko, wanda ke da alaƙa da California Gold Rush da ayyukan adalci na zamantakewa game da cin zarafi.
- Me yasa takalman kaboyi suke da mahimmanci?
- Domin sun haɗu da kariya, riko, da ta'aziyya ga sirdi da filin, kuma suna wakiltar girman kai da al'adu.
- Wadanne kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin takalma na yau?
- Daga farin saniya mai inganci zuwa fata na ban mamaki irin su jimina, maciji, algator ko kada, tare da safofin hannu na fasaha da hana ruwa..
- Yaushe karuwar kaboyin Amurka?
- Tsakanin 1870 zuwa 1880, tare da manyan hanyoyin shanu waɗanda suka haɗa Texas tare da tashoshin jirgin ƙasa na arewa.
- Yaya abin ya kasance kuma ta yaya aka sarrafa shi?
- Babban tashin garken garken da ba a sarrafa shi ta hanyar tsoro ko hadari; mahayan suka bisu suka rufe garke domin sake haduwa.
- Menene ya nuna ƙarshen babban zagaye?
- Barbed waya shinge, jiragen kasa, da kuma tsananin hunturu na 1886-87, wanda ya canza samar da model.
- Shin kaboyi sun sanya guntun gashi?
- Ba lallai ba ne; akwai ɗimbin mashahuran mashi da gemu, duk da abin da fina-finan gargajiya suka shahara.
- Menene paniolo?
- Kawayen Hawaii, magaji ga dabarun Mexico da California; Kalmar ta fito daga "Spanish."
- Shin al'adar kawaye ta yi tasiri a salon yau?
- Ee, daga fina-finai da kiɗa zuwa wuraren shakatawa na alatu, ana sake fassara salon yammacin kowace kakar.
Daga tarurrukan bita na New Spain zuwa kyakyawan jan kafet, Tufafin kaboyi na Mexican da hasashensa na duniya Suna ba da labari game da juriya, aiki mai wuyar gaske, da salon da ke ci gaba da bunƙasa: takalma da aka tsara don sirdi, huluna da aka tsara don matsanancin yanayi, jeans da aka ƙirƙira a cikin tsananin ƙauye, da kuma jerin alamomin da, karni da rabi daga baya, suna ci gaba da saita abubuwan da ke faruwa a kan kuma daga cikin ranch.