Mixtecos, al'adun ƴan asali na ƙarni na ban mamaki waɗanda suka rayu a cikin ɗimbin ƙasashen Mexiko, waɗanda ke ɗauke da sunansu kuma waɗanda bambance-bambancen yanayin yanayin yanayi har yanzu suna riƙe da fara'a na shekarun baya. Haɗu da Wurin al'adun Mixtec! Kada ku rasa shi!
Wurin al'adun Mixtec
Mixtecs wata ƙungiya ce ta asali da ta zauna a Oaxaca, musamman yankin yamma da sassan jihohin Puebla da Guerrero, a Mexico. Koyaya, babban mazauninsu shine a jihar Oaxaca a kudu maso gabashin Mexico.
Yankin Mixtec ko da yake ya ƙunshi jihohi uku, yammacin Oaxaca da kuma yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Guerrero da Puebla, yawancin wannan yanki yana cikin babban yankin Saliyo Madre de Oaxaca, wanda ya rabu da tsakiyar tsaunuka na kasar Mexico ta kogin Rafts.
Mixtecs sun wakilci ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci a Mesoamerica, kasancewar sun shahara da ƙwarewa a wasu fasaha da fasaha, irin su aikin karfe, ƙirƙirar kayan ado masu kyau da kuma fitattun kayan ado, wanda a cikin yumbu, ya tsaya a waje yana yin kyawawan kayan ado.
Bayanan da ake da su a kan tarihin Mixtec sun fito ne daga ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, tarihin Mutanen Espanya a lokacin lokacin cin nasara da ka'idojin kafin Columbian da ke kiyaye ambaton sarakunan Mixtec da manyan mutane, da sauran abubuwa. Tare da manyan asirai a kusa da wannan al'ada mai ban sha'awa.
Yankin Mixtec
Yankin da aka kafa wannan al'ada da haɓaka ana kiransa babban Mixteca, kasancewar yanki mai faɗin ƙasa, inda tsaunuka masu duwatsu da duwatsu, kunkuntar kwari, rafuka, kwazazzabai da ƙorama ke yawaita. An raba yankin zuwa manyan yankuna uku, wadanda su ne:
- Mixteca Alta: tare da tsayi sama da matakin teku wanda ya bambanta tsakanin mita 2500 zuwa 2000 ko ƙafa 8200 zuwa 6500.
- Mixteca Baja: yanki da ke tsakanin mita 1700 zuwa 1500 ko ƙafa 5600 zuwa 5000.
- Mixteca de la Costa ko Costa Mixteca: Tana kan gabar tekun Pacific.
An siffanta shi da ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin ƙasa wanda ya sa sadarwa ta yi wahala a tsakanin ma'abota al'adu iri ɗaya, wannan shi ne wataƙila ya haifar da wanzuwar yaruka daban-daban a cikin harshen Mixtec. An kiyasta cewa akwai aƙalla harsunan Mixtec guda goma sha biyu.
Yanayin yanayin yankin ya shafi bangarori da dama, alal misali, ayyukan noma. Mutanen Mixtec ne suka yi aikin noma tun daga lokatai masu nisa, ana tsammanin cewa kusan daga shekara ta 1500 kafin Kristi kuma an iyakance shi da irin ƙasar.
Mafi kyawun ƙasar yana cikin kwaruruka na tsaunukan tsaunuka, wanda ke da alaƙa da kasancewa kunkuntar da wasu yankuna na yankin bakin teku. Koyaya, a duk yankuna an girbe shi kuma an samar da shi, don haka yankuna uku Mixteca Alta, Mixteca Baja da Mixteca de la Costa sun yi musayar kayayyaki daban-daban.
Alal misali, koko, auduga, gishiri, kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su, da kuma namun daji sun fito daga bakin teku, yayin da masara, wake, barkono barkono, karafa, da duwatsu masu daraja suka fito daga yankunan tsaunuka masu tsayi.
Mixtec cibiyoyin
Cibiyoyin Mixtec na farko ƙananan ƙauyuka ne da ke kusa da ƙasar noma mai albarka. Kusan karni guda bayan Deer Takwas sun hada Tilantongo da Tututepec, Mixtecs sun fadada ikonsu da cibiyoyinsu zuwa kwarin Oaxaca, yankin da ya kasance ikon Zapotec.
An kammala wannan, tare da wasu abubuwa, domin a cikin 1932, Alfonso Caso, masanin ilimin kimiya na wannan ƙasa, ya gano a Monte Albán, wani yanki da babban birnin Zapotec yake, ragowar manyan sarakunan Mixtec a cikin wani kabari, yana ƙididdige cewa sun fito daga. karni na sha hudu da sha biyar.
Wurin baje kolin gwanintar sana'a ne, yana da hadayu masu kima, da suka hada da kayan adon zinare da na azurfa, da tasoshin da aka kawata sosai, da murjani, da sassakakkun kasusuwan jaguar, da dai sauransu.
A mataki na ƙarshe na zamanin kafin Hispanic, Mixtec ya bi daular Aztec, yana mai ba da amsa da kuma girmama jagora da ubangijin wannan babbar al'umma. Sun ba shi kayan gwal, azurfa da sauran karafa masu kima da tsadar gaske, wadanda aka yi musu ado da duwatsu masu daraja, musamman turquoise.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka sami yawancin Mixtec guda a cikin abin da yake a da Aztec yankin, alal misali, a cikin Babban Haikali na Tenochtitlan kuma ba saboda wurin da al'adun Mixtec ya kai ga wuraren ba.
Idan kuna son wannan labarin, kar ku jira don duba wasu hanyoyin haɗi masu ban sha'awa akan wannan shafi: